Different Types of Positioning Systems in Automation

When moving something by means of electrics, hydraulics, or pneumatics, knowing the position of the parts being moved is imperative. Attaching cable pulls to parts provides mechanical position feedback for linear length, but a rotary encoder or potentiometer for the electrical output is also needed. Cable pulls can be installed in tight, dirty spaces where other technologies such as optical or ultrasonic sensors have difficulties. Up to 60 m long, cable pulls also come with pulley accessories that allow positioning at different angles or around corners. They are commonly used in scissor lifts and boom extensions.

Another technology that uses mechanical and electrical methods is MEMS, or microelectromechanical systems. These inclination and acceleration sensors accurately measure the gravitational acceleration force applied to the micromechanical elements. Angular vector force can be calculated and used for inclination or tilt feedback. MEMS are used when extending the boom on a utility truck, for example. The device confirms that the truck is level so the boom can be safely extended to the maximum length.

2-D camera-based positioning systems such as the PXV and PCV Data Matrix positioning systems for noncontact linear and absolute positioning use Data Matrix codes to position vehicles along a track in the X-axis. Dedicated camera-based systems like the position guided vision (PGV) use Data Matrix codes and colored lanes for route tracking. This system outputs position in two axes, X and Y, and provides 360 degrees of angular feedback. Cranes, AMRs, monorail conveyors, and other applications use these systems for precise, long-range position tracking.

A few different types of products such as the WCS position encoding system use optical technology for absolute positioning. A slotted optical read head can achieve absolute positioning by reading a code rail. The read head is noncontact and can be set up in long linear or curved paths. With the addition of a few accessories, this slotted optical read head can be used in harsh environments. Applications include elevators, cranes, and galvanizing tanks.

Rotary encoders can also use optical or magnetic sensing to monitor velocity, position, angle, and acceleration. Automotive, factory automation, mobile equipment, and material handling are just a few target industries that can benefit from rotary encoders.

Noncontact inductive technology detects position using a few different configurations. One sensor housing can be combined with one inductive coil for discrete or analog output. Alternatively, one sensor housing can be combined with many inductive coils to get linear or rotary position. The inductive positioning sensors are available in multiple versions and lengths, which makes installation easy. Potential applications for inductive position measurement include valve actuator position, dancer/web control, and knife gate valve position.

With the growing need for position feedback and autonomous functionality, these positioning system technologies play a vital role in the world of automation. Whether you need to monitor AGV, valve, or crane position, one or more of these systems can be used to achieve the desired results for your unique application.