Sensor Connection

Physically, the basic circuits of a sensor can fundamentally be constructed with 2, 3, or 4 wires. There is some basic information to be considered when interconnecting these sensors.

Inductive sensors can be connected in parallel to other mechanical or electronic switches. The following must be observed.

Parallel Connection of Multiple Sensors

3-Wire Sensors

In principle, inductive sensors in three-wire technology can be connected in parallel to mechanical switches or other sensor outputs. One exception is sensors with push-pull output. This type of sensor cannot be connected in parallel, either to sensors or to mechanical switches.

2-Wire Sensors

If multiple 2-wire sensors are connected in parallel, the sum of all residual currents flows through the load and may prevent the load from switching off. This limits the maximum number of inductive sensors connected in parallel in 2-wire technology.

When 2-wire sensors are connected in parallel to mechanical switches, the load can become deactivated for a short time. 

Series Connection of Multiple Sensors

3-Wire Sensors

Due to the readiness delay of the individual sensors, the reaction time will increase when 3-wire sensors are connected in series. In addition, the supply voltage of downstream sensors is always lower due to the voltage drop at the sensor output stages when 3-wire sensors are connected in series. The series connection of a single 3-wire sensor to one or more mechanical contacts is not critical.

2-Wire Sensors

The series connection of 2-wire sensors is generally critical. Each sensor requires a specific supply voltage and a supply current for fault-free operation. This is not always guaranteed when multiple 2-wire sensors are connected in series and may lead to unpredictable behavior.

The series connection of a single 2-wire sensor to one or more mechanical contacts is not critical. However, the readiness delay of the sensor must be taken into account.

Note: We generally recommend that inductive sensors are not connected in series. The interconnection of multiple sensors via logic modules is preferable in terms of predictable behavior and reliable function.